Understanding Acute Rhinitis

Acute rhinitis, commonly referred to as the common cold, is an inflammation of the inner lining of the nasal passages. It is typically a mild and self-limiting viral infection of the upper respiratory tract. Acute rhinitis is highly contagious and is one of the most frequent causes of visits to a healthcare provider.

Causes of Acute Rhinitis

The condition is most commonly caused by:

1. Viruses: The most common being rhinoviruses, followed by coronaviruses, adenoviruses, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
2. Environmental Factors: Such as exposure to cold weather, irritants like smoke or strong odors, and changes in humidity or temperature can exacerbate symptoms.

Symptoms of Acute Rhinitis

Symptoms of acute rhinitis typically develop within 1-3 days of exposure to the infectious agent and include:

1. Nasal congestion or stuffiness
2. Clear nasal discharge that may become thicker and yellow or green
3. Sneezing
4. Scratchy or sore throat
5. Cough
6. General malaise and fatigue
7. Mild fever (more common in children)

Diagnosing Acute Rhinitis

Diagnosis is generally based on the physical symptoms and does not usually require laboratory tests. However, if symptoms persist or if a bacterial infection or other complications are suspected, further investigations may include:

1. Nasal Swabs: To rule out influenza or other infections in certain cases.
2. Allergy Testing: If allergic rhinitis is suspected as a cause or contributing factor.

Treatment Options for Acute Rhinitis

Home Remedies and Self-Care

1. Rest: Helps the body fight off the infection.
2. Hydration: Drinking plenty of fluids helps thin the nasal secretions and prevents dehydration.
3. Warm Saltwater Gargles: To soothe a sore throat.
4. Humidifiers: Add moisture to the air to help ease congestion and cough.

Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medications

1. Decongestants: Such as pseudoephedrine or phenylephrine, can relieve nasal congestion (not recommended for everyone, such as those with hypertension).
2. Antihistamines: Help alleviate sneezing, itching, and runny nose.
3. Pain Relievers: Acetaminophen or ibuprofen can relieve fever and discomfort.
4. Cough Suppressants and Expectorants: To manage cough.

Preventing Acute Rhinitis

Preventive measures include:

1. Hand Hygiene: Regular and thorough hand washing is the most effective way to prevent infection.
2. Avoid Close Contact: With people who have a cold, especially during the initial few days when they are most contagious.
3. Keep Your Environment Clean: Regularly disinfect surfaces that are frequently touched, such as doorknobs and mobile phones.